[HTML][HTML] Targeting innate-like T cells in tuberculosis

S Huang - Frontiers in immunology, 2016 - frontiersin.org
Frontiers in immunology, 2016frontiersin.org
Peptide-specific conventional T cells have been major targets for designing most
antimycobacterial vaccines. Immune responses mediated by conventional T cells exhibit a
delayed onset upon primary infection and are highly variable in different human populations.
In contrast, innate-like T cells quickly respond to pathogens and display effector functions
without undergoing extensive clonal expansion. Specifically, the activation of innate-like T
cells depends on the promiscuous interaction of highly conserved antigen-presenting …
Peptide-specific conventional T cells have been major targets for designing most antimycobacterial vaccines. Immune responses mediated by conventional T cells exhibit a delayed onset upon primary infection and are highly variable in different human populations. In contrast, innate-like T cells quickly respond to pathogens and display effector functions without undergoing extensive clonal expansion. Specifically, the activation of innate-like T cells depends on the promiscuous interaction of highly conserved antigen-presenting molecules, non-peptidic antigens, and likely semi-invariant T cell receptors. In antimicrobial immune responses, mucosal-associated invariant T cells are activated by riboflavin precursor metabolites presented by major histocompatibility complex-related protein I, while lipid-specific T cells including natural killer T cells are activated by lipid metabolites presented by CD1 proteins. Multiple innate-like T cell subsets have been shown to be protective or responsive in mycobacterial infections. Through rapid cytokine secretion, innate-like T cells function in early defense and memory response, offering novel advantages over conventional T cells in the design of anti-tuberculosis strategies.
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