The adult mammalian heart displays negligible regenerative capacity. Therefore, myocardial infarction (MI) often results in an irreversible loss of contractile tissue, leading to a collagenous scar formation, progressive remodelling and heart failure (HF). Over the past few years, emerging evidences indicate that a myocardial ischemic injury mobilizes not only sterile unspecific inflammation but also lymphocyte-mediated immune responses to cardiac auto-antigens. In the current chapter, we depict the infarcted heart as a “wounded” tissue and focus on the dynamic events leading to myocardial repair, with special emphasis on the role played by lymphocytes in this process.