CTLA-4: a moving target in immunotherapy

B Rowshanravan, N Halliday… - Blood, The Journal of …, 2018 - ashpublications.org
B Rowshanravan, N Halliday, DM Sansom
Blood, The Journal of the American Society of Hematology, 2018ashpublications.org
CD28 and CTLA-4 are members of a family of immunoglobulin-related receptors that are
responsible for various aspects of T-cell immune regulation. The family includes CD28,
CTLA-4, and ICOS as well as other proteins, including PD-1, BTLA, and TIGIT. These
receptors have both stimulatory (CD28, ICOS) and inhibitory roles (CTLA-4, PD-1, BTLA,
and TIGIT) in T-cell function. Increasingly, these pathways are targeted as part of immune
modulatory strategies to treat cancers, referred to generically as immune checkpoint …
Abstract
CD28 and CTLA-4 are members of a family of immunoglobulin-related receptors that are responsible for various aspects of T-cell immune regulation. The family includes CD28, CTLA-4, and ICOS as well as other proteins, including PD-1, BTLA, and TIGIT. These receptors have both stimulatory (CD28, ICOS) and inhibitory roles (CTLA-4, PD-1, BTLA, and TIGIT) in T-cell function. Increasingly, these pathways are targeted as part of immune modulatory strategies to treat cancers, referred to generically as immune checkpoint blockade, and conversely to treat autoimmunity and CTLA-4 deficiency. Here, we focus on the biology of the CD28/CTLA-4 pathway as a framework for understanding the impacts of therapeutic manipulation of this pathway.
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