[HTML][HTML] Increased glutamine catabolism mediates bone anabolism in response to WNT signaling

CM Karner, E Esen, AL Okunade… - The Journal of …, 2015 - Am Soc Clin Investig
CM Karner, E Esen, AL Okunade, BW Patterson, F Long
The Journal of clinical investigation, 2015Am Soc Clin Investig
WNT signaling stimulates bone formation by increasing both the number of osteoblasts and
their protein-synthesis activity. It is not clear how WNT augments the capacity of osteoblast
progenitors to meet the increased energetic and synthetic needs associated with mature
osteoblasts. Here, in cultured osteoblast progenitors, we determined that WNT stimulates
glutamine catabolism through the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and consequently lowers
intracellular glutamine levels. The WNT-induced reduction of glutamine concentration …
WNT signaling stimulates bone formation by increasing both the number of osteoblasts and their protein-synthesis activity. It is not clear how WNT augments the capacity of osteoblast progenitors to meet the increased energetic and synthetic needs associated with mature osteoblasts. Here, in cultured osteoblast progenitors, we determined that WNT stimulates glutamine catabolism through the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and consequently lowers intracellular glutamine levels. The WNT-induced reduction of glutamine concentration triggered a general control nonderepressible 2–mediated (GCN2-mediated) integrated stress response (ISR) that stimulated expression of genes responsible for amino acid supply, transfer RNA (tRNA) aminoacylation, and protein folding. WNT-induced glutamine catabolism and ISR were β-catenin independent, but required mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activation. In a hyperactive WNT signaling mouse model of human osteosclerosis, inhibition of glutamine catabolism or Gcn2 deletion suppressed excessive bone formation. Together, our data indicate that glutamine is both an energy source and a protein-translation rheostat that is responsive to WNT and suggest that manipulation of the glutamine/GCN2 signaling axis may provide a valuable approach for normalizing deranged protein anabolism associated with human diseases.
The Journal of Clinical Investigation