Signaling danger: toll-like receptors and their potential roles in kidney disease
HJ Anders, B Banas, D Schlöndorff - Journal of the American …, 2004 - journals.lww.com
Toll-like receptors (TLR) are an emerging family of receptors that recognize pathogen-
associated molecular patterns and promote the activation of leukocytes and intrinsic renal
cells. Ligands of the TLR include exogenous microbial components such as LPS (TLR4),
lipoproteins and peptidoglycans (TLR1,-2,-6), viral RNA (TLR3), bacterial and viral
unmethylated cytosin-guanosin dinucleotide (CpG)-DNA (TLR9), and endogenous
molecules including heat-shock proteins and extracellular matrix molecules. Upon …
associated molecular patterns and promote the activation of leukocytes and intrinsic renal
cells. Ligands of the TLR include exogenous microbial components such as LPS (TLR4),
lipoproteins and peptidoglycans (TLR1,-2,-6), viral RNA (TLR3), bacterial and viral
unmethylated cytosin-guanosin dinucleotide (CpG)-DNA (TLR9), and endogenous
molecules including heat-shock proteins and extracellular matrix molecules. Upon …