[HTML][HTML] Glutathione homeostasis and functions: potential targets for medical interventions

VI Lushchak - Journal of amino acids, 2012 - hindawi.com
VI Lushchak
Journal of amino acids, 2012hindawi.com
Glutathione (GSH) is a tripeptide, which has many biological roles including protection
against reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. The primary goal of this paper is to
characterize the principal mechanisms of the protective role of GSH against reactive species
and electrophiles. The ancillary goals are to provide up-to-date knowledge of GSH
biosynthesis, hydrolysis, and utilization; intracellular compartmentalization and interorgan
transfer; elimination of endogenously produced toxicants; involvement in metal homeostasis; …
Glutathione (GSH) is a tripeptide, which has many biological roles including protection against reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. The primary goal of this paper is to characterize the principal mechanisms of the protective role of GSH against reactive species and electrophiles. The ancillary goals are to provide up-to-date knowledge of GSH biosynthesis, hydrolysis, and utilization; intracellular compartmentalization and interorgan transfer; elimination of endogenously produced toxicants; involvement in metal homeostasis; glutathione-related enzymes and their regulation; glutathionylation of sulfhydryls. Individual sections are devoted to the relationships between GSH homeostasis and pathologies as well as to developed research tools and pharmacological approaches to manipulating GSH levels. Special attention is paid to compounds mainly of a natural origin (phytochemicals) which affect GSH-related processes. The paper provides starting points for development of novel tools and provides a hypothesis for investigation of the physiology and biochemistry of glutathione with a focus on human and animal health.
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