Abstract Effects of exosomes present in human plasma on immune cells have not been
examined in detail. Immunological studies with plasma-derived exosomes require their
isolation by procedures involving ultracentrifugation. These procedures were largely
developed using supernatants of cultured cells. To test biologic activities of plasma-derived
exosomes, methods are necessary that ensure adequate recovery of exosome fractions free
of contaminating larger vesicles, cell fragments and protein/nucleic acid aggregates. Here …