Dendritic cell-derived exosomes (Dex) are nanovesicles bearing major histocompatibility
complexes promoting T-cell− dependent antitumor effects in mice. Two phase I clinical trials
aimed at vaccinating cancer patients with peptide-pulsed Dex have shown the feasibility and
safety of inoculating clinical-grade Dex, but have failed to show their immunizing capacity.
These low immunogenic capacities have led us to develop second-generation Dex with
enhanced immunostimulatory properties. Here, we show that interferon-γ is a key cytokine …