Brain injury in the premature infant is an extremely important problem, in part because of the
large absolute number of infants affected yearly. The two principle brain lesions that underlie
the neurologic manifestations subsequently observed in premature infants are
periventricular hemorrhagic infarction and periventricular leukomalacia. The emphases of
this article are the neuropathology, clinical aspects, pathogenesis, and prevention of these
two lesions. Recent work suggests that the ultimate goal, prevention of the lesions, is …