Dynamic reciprocity of sodium and potassium channel expression in a macromolecular complex controls cardiac excitability and arrhythmia

ML Milstein, H Musa, DP Balbuena… - Proceedings of the …, 2012 - National Acad Sciences
ML Milstein, H Musa, DP Balbuena, JMB Anumonwo, DS Auerbach, PB Furspan, L Hou
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2012National Acad Sciences
The cardiac electrical impulse depends on an orchestrated interplay of transmembrane ionic
currents in myocardial cells. Two critical ionic current mechanisms are the inwardly rectifying
potassium current (IK1), which is important for maintenance of the cell resting membrane
potential, and the sodium current (INa), which provides a rapid depolarizing current during
the upstroke of the action potential. By controlling the resting membrane potential, IK1
modifies sodium channel availability and therefore, cell excitability, action potential duration …
The cardiac electrical impulse depends on an orchestrated interplay of transmembrane ionic currents in myocardial cells. Two critical ionic current mechanisms are the inwardly rectifying potassium current (IK1), which is important for maintenance of the cell resting membrane potential, and the sodium current (INa), which provides a rapid depolarizing current during the upstroke of the action potential. By controlling the resting membrane potential, IK1 modifies sodium channel availability and therefore, cell excitability, action potential duration, and velocity of impulse propagation. Additionally, IK1–INa interactions are key determinants of electrical rotor frequency responsible for abnormal, often lethal, cardiac reentrant activity. Here, we have used a multidisciplinary approach based on molecular and biochemical techniques, acute gene transfer or silencing, and electrophysiology to show that IK1–INa interactions involve a reciprocal modulation of expression of their respective channel proteins (Kir2.1 and NaV1.5) within a macromolecular complex. Thus, an increase in functional expression of one channel reciprocally modulates the other to enhance cardiac excitability. The modulation is model-independent; it is demonstrable in myocytes isolated from mouse and rat hearts and with transgenic and adenoviral-mediated overexpression/silencing. We also show that the post synaptic density, discs large, and zonula occludens-1 (PDZ) domain protein SAP97 is a component of this macromolecular complex. We show that the interplay between Nav1.5 and Kir2.1 has electrophysiological consequences on the myocardium and that SAP97 may affect the integrity of this complex or the nature of Nav1.5–Kir2.1 interactions. The reciprocal modulation between Nav1.5 and Kir2.1 and the respective ionic currents should be important in the ability of the heart to undergo self-sustaining cardiac rhythm disturbances.
National Acad Sciences