β‐Thalassemia is an inherited anemia in which synthesis of the hemoglobin β‐chain is decreased. The excess unmatched α‐globin chains accumulate in the growing erythroid precursors, causing their premature death (ineffective erythropoiesis). Clinical features of β‐thalassemia include variably severe anemia and iron accumulation due to increased intestinal iron absorption. The most anemic patients require regular blood transfusions, which exacerbate their iron overload and result in damage to vital organs. The hepatic peptide hepcidin, a key regulator of iron metabolism in mammals, was recently found to be low in the urine of β‐thalassemia patients, compared with healthy controls, despite their iron overload. In our work, we measured by RQ‐PCR the liver mRNA expression of hepcidin and other iron regulatory genes in β‐thalassemia major mouse model (C57Bl/6 Hbb^th3/th3), and compared it with β‐thalassemia intermedia mouse model (C57Bl/6 Hbb^th3/+) and control mice. We found decreased expression of hepcidin and TfR2 and increased expression of TfR1 and NGAL in the β‐thalassemia mouse models, compared with the control mice. Significant down‐regulation of hepcidin expression in β‐thalassemia major, despite iron overload, might explain the increased iron absorption typically observed in thalassemia. Am. J. Hematol. 81:479–483, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.