Over the past 15 years, advances in molecular biology have permittedin vitroandin vivogene
transfer into mammalian cells. Genetically engineered microorganisms are highly promising
developments for gene therapy (reviewed in1–3) and the future of vaccines. 4Such vectors
constitute genuine tools for high level expression of heterologous genes for both therapeutic
and induced immunity applications. Several vector systems have emerged with different
relative advantages and limits depending on the proposed application. Adenovirus (Ad) has …