TPC2 mediates new mechanisms of platelet dense granule membrane dynamics through regulation of Ca2+ release

AL Ambrosio, JA Boyle… - Molecular biology of the …, 2015 - Am Soc Cell Biol
AL Ambrosio, JA Boyle, SM Di Pietro
Molecular biology of the cell, 2015Am Soc Cell Biol
Platelet dense granules (PDGs) are acidic calcium stores essential for normal hemostasis.
They develop from late endosomal compartments upon receiving PDG-specific proteins
through vesicular trafficking, but their maturation process is not well understood. Here we
show that two-pore channel 2 (TPC2) is a component of the PDG membrane that regulates
PDG luminal pH and the pool of releasable Ca2+. Using a genetically encoded Ca2+
biosensor and a pore mutant TPC2, we establish the function of TPC2 in Ca2+ release from …
Platelet dense granules (PDGs) are acidic calcium stores essential for normal hemostasis. They develop from late endosomal compartments upon receiving PDG-specific proteins through vesicular trafficking, but their maturation process is not well understood. Here we show that two-pore channel 2 (TPC2) is a component of the PDG membrane that regulates PDG luminal pH and the pool of releasable Ca2+. Using a genetically encoded Ca2+ biosensor and a pore mutant TPC2, we establish the function of TPC2 in Ca2+ release from PDGs and the formation of perigranular Ca2+ nanodomains. For the first time, Ca2+ spikes around PDGs—or any organelle of the endolysosome family—are visualized in real time and revealed to precisely mark organelle “kiss-and-run” events. Further, the presence of membranous tubules transiently connecting PDGs is revealed and shown to be dramatically enhanced by TPC2 in a mechanism that requires ion flux through TPC2. “Kiss-and-run” events and tubule connections mediate transfer of membrane proteins and luminal content between PDGs. The results show that PDGs use previously unknown mechanisms of membrane dynamics and content exchange that are regulated by TPC2.
Am Soc Cell Biol